README [memos-1945-2013.csv]
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IMPORTANT: Includes all presidential memoranda published in the Federal Register from 1945-2013. Many more are not published. This provides a count of memos presidents considered to have “general applicability and legal effect.” Memoranda were once labeled “letters” - this is coded as “1” in the “type” variable, whereas memos are “2”. 1945-2010 were collected using the Code of Federal Regulations tables of presidential documents other than Executive Orders and Proclamations. Copies of the National Archives and Records Administration document inventory were obtained from Jane Fitzgerald, NARA archivist, in July 2013. 2001-2013 were downloaded from the Federal Register [url: https://www.federalregister.gov/]. When using this data, please cite the following article:

Lowande, Kenneth. 2014. "After the Orders: Presidential Memoranda and Unilateral Action," Presidential Studies Quarterly. 44 (4): pp. 724-741.​

Please report any errors to the author.